Thursday, September 17, 2015

Erev Rosh HaShanah Sermon: Toward Inter-Religious Dialogue

A version of this sermon was delivered on Erev Rosh HaShanah 5776 at Temple Emanu-El of East Meadow. 

       “Aren’t we a nice family?”  A man I had the pleasure of meeting while marching in South Carolina, a man named Middle Passage, asked this simple, jocular, yet profound, question at dinner the evening after the Justice March in South Carolina.  Middle Passage took a bus 1300 miles from Colorado to Selma to march for Justice, intending to march the entire distance to Washington, DC.  Middle Passage made it his job to carry the American flag at the front of the marchers day after day.  Middle Passage served in the Navy and had 5 open-heart surgeries in the decades before he joined the march in honor of his brother.  Yesterday, I learned that Middle Passage took ill while marching in Virginia and could not be revived.  At mile 922.  The culmination of that march is this week in Washington, DC, and MP, as he was often called, will not see it.  I marched alongside him at the front while carrying the Torah.  We didn’t speak much during the day, we focused on the marching, but I gained the strength to continue marching just by being next to him and his unwavering devotion.  I didn’t want to stop while I was next to him.  I hope that I was able to do provide at least a little bit of that in reciprocity.

        This question he asked at dinner, “Aren’t we a nice family?” wasn’t just out of the blue.  After having marched over 13 miles in high temperatures and humidity, we were all tired, and hungry.  Middle Passage was seated alongside a few of the local NAACP marchers, and my colleague and friend, Rabbi Lauren Cohn, as well as a few other rabbis.  I noticed that there was only one space left at their table, but I asked if I could pull up a table to join them, so that I could make room for my niece, but also because after the long, hot day of marching alongside everyone, I didn’t want us to all be seated at separate tables.  I added a table, and more joined us.  So there we were, all seated together, and Middle passage asked this question: “Aren’t we a nice family?!”  And we did feel like family.  Especially over dessert: homemade vanilla and orange pound cakes, which had been lovingly donated and served by a group of local NAACP ladies who came by just to bring homemade cake.  They were delicious.

         It was a different question from Middle Passage that led us toward an interesting and important conversation.  Middle Passage, having marched with Reform Rabbis for 25 days at this point, asked our day’s group of Reform Rabbis if our liberalism with Jewish Law and tradition wasn’t just diluting Judaism.  What a question.  That’s a question that really requires an all-day answer.  And, it’s a question that is important to have an answer for, especially if you’re a Reform Rabbi.  So we talked, explaining that we find a sense of sacredness in our decisions and in the process of making those decisions; and that we value Jewish Law, but don’t give it absolute authority over our entire lives and beings.  And we listened, about what they understood about Judaism and how much they had learned by being on the march with, as one marcher described it: “40 days and 5000 rabbis!”  We shared about who we were and what we believed.  And we asked more questions.  And we laughed.  We were a family, because at that moment, what brought us together, was more powerful than whatever differences we may have had.

         We got to the discussion about the complicated definition of Judaism.  Is it only a religion?  Is it a people?  Is it a race?  That there is no one answer to this question should not be surprising, but at one point during this discussion, I turned to a gentleman next to me named Royal, who would be teaching us that evening, and tried to describe it the most rabbinic way I know how: by asking a question.  “Do you feel pride when a person of color achieves something, like an honor or a high elected office?” I asked.  He said that he did.  I connected this to the pride I feel, and I imagine many of us feel, when a Jewish person does the same, or likewise the difficulty we have when a Jewish person does something publicly immoral, like run a Ponzi scheme.  I hadn’t made that connection so explicitly between Judaism and the Black experience before.  It was an important realization for me, and I hope for Royal.  It was an important discussion for all of us, and it would not have happened without a willingness to question and a willingness to answer honestly.

When I headed down to South Carolina, I wasn’t expecting to come away with an appreciation for, and a desire for more inter-religious dialogue, but come back with it I did.  In the next year, I’d like us to start reaching out to different faith based communities and congregations in the spirit of inter-religious dialogue because we will learn about others, and we will learn about ourselves.

Our scriptures point to examples of inter-religious dialogue and its benefits for the Jewish community.  One prominent example comes in the book of Exodus.  Moses’ father-in-law Jethro is a priest of MidianYitro[1], as he’s known in Hebrew happens to give name to the portion during which God gives Moses the 10 commandments.  This is technically because the portion starts with his name, but also, many would suggest, because of his prominent role in the narrative.  In many ways, it is Jethro who prepares the Israelites to receive God’s laws. 

Jethro seeks out Moses at Sinai, having heard what God did for the people Israel in Egypt.  And when Jethro arrives, he sees a harried and tired Moses spending all day adjudicating all the Israelites’ disputes, the petty and the significant, because at that point, Moses is the only one who knows all of God’s rules.  Remember, the people have seen the plagues cripple Egypt and they witnessed God’s power at the parting of the Sea of Reeds, but only Moses has heard God’s voice and commands. 

Jethro, as a priest in his own right, has experience with these sorts of matters and he urges Moses to establish a system of judges, who know the rules, who can help with the smaller claims, who will help Moses carry the burden of being a prophet of God.  No sooner does Jethro suggest this, than Moses enacts it.  And then, the next thing that Moses does is ascend the Mountain.  The Torah tells us that Moses goes up and then God calls to him.[2]  Is it only through Jethro’s prodding that the entire system of Jewish Law and jurisprudence exists today!?  Just like Moses, sometimes, we can learn a lot about the best way to be who we want to be by looking at best practices of others.  If we want to know what might work for us, we need to be willing to ask questions of others. 

Now, the rabbis of the Talmud and commentators on the Torah are not so comfortable with Jewish practice being created, or even advised, by someone who is not Jewish.  The midrash and the Talmud make a point of saying that Jethro must have converted to Judaism,[3] though there is no evidence for that in the texts.  The rabbis of blessed memory were living in a time when reaching out to others was not so easy.  They lived in a time when Judaism was under attack and when focusing inward to thwart incursion was an important objective.  We don’t live in such times.  Our times are not perfect, and there are those who still dislike Jews.  But on the whole, we are blessed to live safely in this nation.  While the state of Judaism in America can sometimes be complicated, and God knows that we have enough trouble talking with our own, in this day and age, it is important to know who our neighbors are, what they hold important and what they value.  We may find we have much more in common than separates us. 

If we begin to have conversations with other communities, we can begin to understand our neighbors, their practices and beliefs, their customs and priorities.  We’re not aiming to agree with everyone about everything, because there will be serious differences, and that’s not the purpose.  But, if we begin to learn about others’ practices, we can hopefully come to a place of respect and understanding, which is the goal.  We could easily learn about other faith traditions, and we should.  But it is more important to learn from them.  We can read from and study their sacred texts and histories, but it is an incomplete study, and would do a disservice to our neighbors. 

This is all on the individual level.  We will also learn about their communities, how they handle difficult times, where they draw their strength to continue in the face of the realities of an era in religious affiliation.  It’s not just Judaism that is suffering declining affiliation rates, after all.  What do these other communities do to engage their members?  What do these other communities do to stretch a budget?  How do other communities maintain their traditions while still moving forward?  These are all questions that every religious community asks, and we can learn a lot from each other.

But inter-religious dialogue doesn’t just help us learn about others and what they do.  It also asks us to look deeply at ourselves.  If we are to answer questions like the one Middle Passage asked about diluting Judaism, we need to know what we believe and how we came to that belief.  We need to know how to answer questions about God, Judaism, and the role of Torah in our lives.  We need to have a sense of what we value, what gives us strength, and what troubles us.  What we may find is that by engaging with those who are different than us we come to a better understanding of who we are, and come to have more pride, and dare I say faith, in who we are and what we believe.  Do we each have answers to these questions: What do you believe about the divinity of the Torah?  What do you believe about God’s role in your life?  What do you believe about the role of Jewish Law?  Where are you comfortable drawing the line?  And finally, the follow up to all of these questions: Why?  These are important questions for Jews, and we take too little time to answer these kinds of questions when we are insulated in our own community.

But we won’t just learn more about ourselves and our beliefs; we’ll also find a new pride in our identities as Jews.  When I was teaching in Atlanta, I worked with 7th and 8th-graders teaching Jewish Studies.  Some of you who are or have been teachers may groan at this, and yes, teaching middle school is an acquired taste, but I loved it.  The students were energetic and witty.  They understood our sacred texts and their meanings in new and different ways.  As a part of my research for my master’s degree, I interviewed a number of 8th-graders about their Jewish Identity.  We had spent that year focused on Jewish Identity.  What I learned, among many other fascinating findings, was that for these 8th-graders, they felt the most pride in their Judaism when they were able to explain their beliefs and their Judaism to peers who were not Jewish.  They would go off to their summer sports camps and summer academic programs and meet people of all different religious traditions, and they would often have to explain what it meant to be Jewish.  They described a sense of pride at being able to articulate what it was that made them Jewish.

          Being able to articulate our Judaism to others serves another important purpose.  While it is true that we live in unprecedented safety and security in this nation in 2015, there are still many people who have little to no understanding of Judaism.  Imagine what we can teach others about Jews and Judaism.  What impressions and understandings of Judaism can we share?  What light can we bear to others?  What appreciation of who we are and what we value can we impart?  Just as we will come to understand others, we will strive to have others understand us.  When personal and communal relationships are fostered, incendiary rhetoric can be tempered.  That is an admirable and important goal in this era of 140-character character-assassinations and hyperbolic insinuation.  

When Middle Passage asked, “Aren’t we a nice family?” he was mostly joking, because of how different we all were, each of us at that table for dinner.  But there was a profound understanding of the power of different people coming together.  The Hebrew word for family, mishpacha, comes from a root meaning to join together.  So in many ways, MP was not at all wrong about his assertion.  We joined together to share a meal.  We joined together to march for shared values.  We joined together to share about ourselves and learn from others.  In this new year, let us expand our family table to learn about others and learn about ourselves.  Let us expand our understanding of other faith traditions and by doing so come to a better understanding of our own.

Shanah Tovah!


[1] Thanks to Rabbi Josh Stanton for his help seeing the fullness of Jethro’s relationship with Moses.
[2] Exodus 19:3
[3] See Rashi on Exodus 18:1, and sources.

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